🔤 Xử lý chuỗi nâng cao trong Python​

Hôm nay, chúng ta sẽ khám phá các kỹ thuật xử lý chuỗi nâng cao, cực kỳ hữu ích khi thao tác với dữ liệu văn bản!

✂️ 1. Cắt chuỗi (Slicing)​

s = "Huong Nghiep Du Lieu"
print(s[:5])      # 'Huong'
print(s[7:13])    # 'Nghiep'

• Cú pháp: chuoi[start:end] — lấy từ vị trí start đến end - 1.

🔁 2. Thay thế chuỗi con​

s = "Python rất thú vị"
print(s.replace("thú vị", "tuyệt vời"))
# Output: Python rất tuyệt vời

🧹 3. Loại bỏ khoảng trắng dư​

s = "   Hello Python   "
print(s.strip())      # 'Hello Python'
print(s.lstrip())     # 'Hello Python   '
print(s.rstrip())     # '   Hello Python'

🔍 4. Tìm kiếm chuỗi​

s = "Học lập trình với Python"
print("Python" in s)           # True
print(s.find("lập"))           # 4

🧠 Bài tập thực hành:​

Viết chương trình:

1. Nhập vào một đoạn văn từ người dùng.
2. Đếm số từ trong đoạn văn.
3. In ra đoạn văn sau khi loại bỏ khoảng trắng đầu/cuối.
4. Kiểm tra xem từ "Python" có xuất hiện hay không.

✅ Kết luận:​

Xử lý chuỗi là nền tảng của hầu hết mọi ứng dụng Python: từ chatbot, phân tích văn bản, cho đến xử lý dữ liệu. Càng thành thạo kỹ năng này, bạn càng tự tin khi làm việc với dữ liệu thực tế!

📅 Ngày mai, Ngày 38, chúng ta sẽ làm quen với regex (biểu thức chính quy) trong Python!

Let's translate docs/intro.md to French.

Configure i18n​

Modify docusaurus.config.js to add support for the fr locale:

module.exports = {
  i18n: {
    defaultLocale: 'en',
    locales: ['en', 'fr'],
  },
};

Translate a doc​

Copy the docs/intro.md file to the i18n/fr folder:

mkdir -p i18n/fr/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/

cp docs/intro.md i18n/fr/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/intro.md

Translate i18n/fr/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/intro.md in French.

Start your localized site​

Start your site on the French locale:

npm run start -- --locale fr

Your localized site is accessible at http://localhost:3000/fr/ and the Getting Started page is translated.

Add a Locale Dropdown​

To navigate seamlessly across languages, add a locale dropdown.

Modify the docusaurus.config.js file:

module.exports = {
  themeConfig: {
    navbar: {
      items: [
        {
          type: 'localeDropdown',
        },
      ],
    },
  },
};

The locale dropdown now appears in your navbar:

Build your localized site​

Build your site for a specific locale:

npm run build -- --locale fr

Or build your site to include all the locales at once:

npm run build

Docusaurus is a static-site-generator (also called Jamstack).

It builds your site as simple static HTML, JavaScript and CSS files.

Build your site​

Build your site for production:

npm run build

The static files are generated in the build folder.

Deploy your site​

Test your production build locally:

npm run serve

The build folder is now served at http://localhost:3000/.

You can now deploy the build folder almost anywhere easily, for free or very small cost (read the Deployment Guide).

Docusaurus can manage multiple versions of your docs.

Create a docs version​

Release a version 1.0 of your project:

npm run docusaurus docs:version 1.0

The docs folder is copied into versioned_docs/version-1.0 and versions.json is created.

Your docs now have 2 versions:

• 1.0 at http://localhost:3000/docs/ for the version 1.0 docs
• current at http://localhost:3000/docs/next/ for the upcoming, unreleased docs

Add a Version Dropdown​

To navigate seamlessly across versions, add a version dropdown.

Modify the docusaurus.config.js file:

module.exports = {
  themeConfig: {
    navbar: {
      items: [
        {
          type: 'docsVersionDropdown',
        },
      ],
    },
  },
};

The docs version dropdown appears in your navbar:

Update an existing version​

It is possible to edit versioned docs in their respective folder:

• versioned_docs/version-1.0/hello.md updates http://localhost:3000/docs/hello
• docs/hello.md updates http://localhost:3000/docs/next/hello

Docusaurus supports Markdown and a few additional features.

Front Matter​

Markdown documents have metadata at the top called Front Matter:

---
id: my-doc-id
title: My document title
description: My document description
slug: /my-custom-url
---

## Markdown heading

Markdown text with [links](./hello.md)

Links​

Regular Markdown links are supported, using url paths or relative file paths.

Let's see how to [Create a page](/create-a-page).

Let's see how to [Create a page](./create-a-page.md).

Result: Let's see how to Create a page.

Images​

Regular Markdown images are supported.

Add an image at static/img/docusaurus.png and display it in Markdown:

![Docusaurus logo](/img/docusaurus.png)

Code Blocks​

Markdown code blocks are supported with Syntax highlighting.

function HelloDocusaurus() {
    return (
        <h1>Hello, Docusaurus!</h1>
    )
}

function HelloDocusaurus() {
  return <h1>Hello, Docusaurus!</h1>;
}

Admonitions​

Docusaurus has a special syntax to create admonitions and callouts:

MDX and React Components​

MDX can make your documentation more interactive and allows using any React components inside Markdown:

export const Highlight = ({children, color}) => (
  <span
    style={{
      backgroundColor: color,
      borderRadius: '20px',
      color: '#fff',
      padding: '10px',
      cursor: 'pointer',
    }}
    onClick={() => {
      alert(`You clicked the color ${color} with label ${children}`)
    }}>
    {children}
  </span>
);

This is <Highlight color="#25c2a0">Docusaurus green</Highlight> !

This is <Highlight color="#1877F2">Facebook blue</Highlight> !

This is Docusaurus green !

This is Facebook blue !

Docusaurus creates a page for each blog post, but also a blog index page, a tag system, an RSS feed...

Create your first Post​

Create a file at blog/2021-02-28-greetings.md:

---
slug: greetings
title: Greetings!
authors:
  - name: Joel Marcey
    title: Co-creator of Docusaurus 1
    url: https://github.com/JoelMarcey
    image_url: https://github.com/JoelMarcey.png
  - name: Sébastien Lorber
    title: Docusaurus maintainer
    url: https://sebastienlorber.com
    image_url: https://github.com/slorber.png
tags: [greetings]
---

Congratulations, you have made your first post!

Feel free to play around and edit this post as much you like.

A new blog post is now available at http://localhost:3000/blog/greetings.

Documents are groups of pages connected through:

• a sidebar
• previous/next navigation
• versioning

Create your first Doc​

Create a markdown file at docs/hello.md:

# Hello

This is my **first Docusaurus document**!

A new document is now available at http://localhost:3000/docs/hello.

Configure the Sidebar​

Docusaurus automatically creates a sidebar from the docs folder.

Add metadata to customize the sidebar label and position:

---
sidebar_label: 'Hi!'
sidebar_position: 3
---

# Hello

This is my **first Docusaurus document**!

It is also possible to create your sidebar explicitly in sidebars.js:

module.exports = {
  tutorialSidebar: [
    {
      type: 'category',
      label: 'Tutorial',
      items: ['hello'],
    },
  ],
};

Add Markdown or React files to src/pages to create a standalone page:

• src/pages/index.js -> localhost:3000/
• src/pages/foo.md -> localhost:3000/foo
• src/pages/foo/bar.js -> localhost:3000/foo/bar

Create your first React Page​

Create a file at src/pages/my-react-page.js:

import React from 'react';
import Layout from '@theme/Layout';

export default function MyReactPage() {
  return (
    <Layout>
      <h1>My React page</h1>
      <p>This is a React page</p>
    </Layout>
  );
}

A new page is now available at http://localhost:3000/my-react-page.

Create your first Markdown Page​

Create a file at src/pages/my-markdown-page.md:

# My Markdown page

This is a Markdown page

A new page is now available at http://localhost:3000/my-markdown-page.

Add Markdown or React files to src/pages to create a standalone page:

• src/pages/index.js -> localhost:3000/
• src/pages/foo.md -> localhost:3000/foo
• src/pages/foo/bar.js -> localhost:3000/foo/bar

Create your first React Page​

Create a file at src/pages/my-react-page.js:

import React from 'react';
import Layout from '@theme/Layout';

export default function MyReactPage() {
  return (
    <Layout>
      <h1>My React page</h1>
      <p>This is a React page</p>
    </Layout>
  );
}

A new page is now available at http://localhost:3000/my-react-page.

Create your first Markdown Page​

Create a file at src/pages/my-markdown-page.md:

# My Markdown page

This is a Markdown page

A new page is now available at http://localhost:3000/my-markdown-page.

You have just learned the basics of Docusaurus and made some changes to the initial template.

Docusaurus has much more to offer!

Have 5 more minutes? Take a look at versioning and i18n.

Anything unclear or buggy in this tutorial? Please report it!

What's next?​

• Read the official documentation.
• Add a custom Design and Layout
• Add a search bar
• Find inspirations in the Docusaurus showcase
• Get involved in the Docusaurus Community